That's interesting because I can save the user's record fine using the built-in Joomla user manager. I also recall customizing this message years ago and now for the life of me I cannot find the override file. But it's not coming up in a search of language overrides in the site back end.
The full customized message is:
Error
Email address cannot be used more than once per member! (user@domain.com)
CHANGES NOT SAVED! If you receive an email to the contrary, don't believe it.
I really don't have any 3rd party extensions that are involved with profiles other than CB.
EDIT: duh!... except the one I wrote. I found the issue. Thanks for your patience and understanding.