Nope, it does not run fields through getFields. It only outputs the raw value stored in the database. If you need it to display the label then you need to do a more customized field usage which includes querying for the labels. There's a couple examples of this throughout the XML files. Please note our XML parsing is still in its infancy and lacks some functionality.
Is it possible to make the new column sortable like the username column?
Yes, add allowordering="ascending,descending" to its field node. I recommend reviewing the core views below to get a better idea of what functionality is available.
administrator/components/com_comprofiler/xmlcb/views/