Stripe forms are JS driven. You most likely have a fatal JS error on your site breaking the form. Switch to default Joomla protostar template, clear Joomla cache, then retry and see if it works fine. You can check for JS errors by pressing F12 to open your browsers developer tools then clicking the Console tab while trying to go through the payment process you'll see errors in red if there are errors.
As for your file containing errors. Those are all coming from your Joomla template. Suggest contacting your template developer about the below. It's just a notice though so probably shouldn't actually break anything and your issue is likely exclusively caused by fatal JS errors, which are usually caused by the template.
Code:
NOTICE: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in /templates/jp-expert/warp/src/Warp/Config/Repository.php on line 243